constipation

Constipation is a common gastrointestinal condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty passing stool, or a sensation of incomplete evacuation. It is defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week.

Possible Causes of Constipation

1. Lifestyle Factors

• Lack of dietary fiber (low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains).
• Insufficient water intake.
• Sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity.

2. Medical Conditions

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
• Hypothyroidism.
• Diabetes.
• Neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis.

3. Medications

• Painkillers (especially opioids).
• Antidepressants.
• Iron supplements.
• Antacids containing calcium or aluminum.

4. Psychological Factors

• Stress, anxiety, or depression.
• Ignoring the urge to defecate.

5. Age-related Changes

• Slower digestive motility in older adults.

6. Structural Issues

• Obstruction due to tumours or strictures.
• Rectal prolapse.

In Ayurveda, constipation is called “Vibandha” and is primarily caused by an imbalance of Vata Dosha, particularly its sub-type Apana Vata, which governs the downward movement of wastes. When Vata becomes dry, cold, and irregular, it disrupts normal bowel movements.

Contributing Factors in Ayurveda

• Vata-aggravating diet: Excessive intake of dry, cold, and processed foods.
• Lack of lubrication: Decreased intake of oily or moist foods.
• Irregular lifestyle: Erratic meal times, stress, and inadequate sleep.
• Suppression of natural urges: Ignoring the urge to defecate leads to Apana Vata imbalance.

Symptoms of Vibandha

• Hard, dry stools.
• Bloating and abdominal discomfort.
• Incomplete evacuation.
• Flatulence and heaviness in the lower abdomen.

Ayurvedic Treatment for Constipation

Ayurveda focuses on balancing Vata Dosha through dietary, lifestyle, and herbal interventions.

Lifestyle Recommendations

• Regular Routine: Wake up early and follow a fixed time for bowel movements.
• Exercise: Practice yoga poses like Pawanmuktasana and Vajrasana to aid digestion.
• Stress Management: Incorporate meditation and pranayama to calm the mind.

Dietary Guidelines

• Increase Fiber: Include whole grains, fruits (papaya, figs, prunes), and vegetables.
• Stay Hydrated: Drink lukewarm water or herbal teas (fennel or ginger).
• Healthy Fats: Incorporate ghee and sesame oil for lubrication.
• Avoid Vata-aggravating Foods: Minimize dry, cold, and processed foods.

Herbal Remedies

Triphala Churna:

A mild laxative that balances all three doshas. Take 1 teaspoon with warm water or honey before bed.

Isabgol (Psyllium Husk):

Helps add bulk to stools and promotes bowel movements.

Castor Oil:

A strong purgative used in severe cases (under guidance).

Haritaki:

Known for its laxative and detoxifying properties.

Aloe Vera Juice:

Helps in softening stools and soothing the digestive tract.

Panchakarma Therapies

1. Abhyanga (Oil Massage):

Regular application of warm sesame oil helps balance Vata.

2. Basti (Medicated Enema):

A highly effective therapy to pacify Vata and support bowel regularity.

3. Virechana (Purgation Therapy):

Detoxification process for chronic constipation.

Internal Medicines

1. Avipattikar Churna:

Improves digestion and relieves constipation.

2. Eranda Taila (Castor Oil):

Promotes bowel movement and removes dryness.

3. Gandharva Haritaki:

A classical formulation specifically for Vata-related constipation.